The history of mosques in Turkey, is deeply intertwined with the rise of Islam and the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. Before the Ottomans, the Seljuk Empire, which governed parts of Anatolia from the 11th to 13th centuries, introduced early forms of Islamic architecture. However, it was during the Ottoman period (1299–1923) that mosque construction reached its peak, and these edifices became central to both religious and civic life.

The first mosques in Anatolia were often simple structures. As the Ottoman Empire grew, mosque architecture evolved into a grandiose and highly symbolic art form. By incorporating elements from Byzantine architecture, the Ottomans crafted an architectural style that was both distinctively Islamic and yet uniquely Turkish.

The Role of Minarets

Minarets are a hallmark of mosque architecture and hold both religious and architectural significance. Typically tall and slender towers, minarets are used for the call to prayer (ezan), inviting the faithful to their daily prayers. The number and design of minarets often indicate the mosque’s importance. While smaller mosques may have a single minaret, larger and more prestigious mosques, especially those built by sultans, often feature multiple minarets.

Minarets in Turkey often have a pencil-thin design, a signature of Ottoman mosque architecture, with pointed spires that can be seen from miles away. These structures, however, serve not only a functional purpose but also contribute to the visual splendor of Turkish cities.

Iconic Mosques and Minarets Across Turkey

1. The Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque) – Istanbul

One of the most famous mosques in Turkey, the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, also known as the Blue Mosque, stands in the heart of Istanbul. Built between 1609 and 1616 during the rule of Sultan Ahmed I, it is an epitome of Ottoman architecture. The mosque is named after the blue tiles that adorn its interior and is one of the few mosques in Turkey to have six minarets, a reflection of its grandeur.

2. Hagia Sophia – Istanbul

Hagia Sophia, arguably the most iconic structure in Turkey , has a long and complex history. Originally built as a Christian basilica by Emperor Justinian I in 537, it was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. The Ottomans added minarets to the structure, signaling its transformation into a mosque.

Today, Hagia Sophia serves as a museum and a mosque, showcasing a blend of Christian and Islamic art. Its four towering minarets—added at different stages—complement its massive central dome, creating a breathtaking silhouette over Istanbul.

3. Selimiye Mosque – Edirne

The Selimiye Mosque in Edirne, built by the great Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan in the 16th century, is considered one of his masterpieces. With its soaring dome and four towering minarets, the mosque was built to surpass even the Hagia Sophia. The minarets, some of the tallest in the Islamic world at nearly 85 meters, are striking in their slenderness and symmetry.

Sinan himself regarded this mosque as the pinnacle of his architectural career. The central dome is meticulously designed, and the four minarets, placed at each corner of the mosque, highlight the building’s balanced proportions.

4. The Grand Mosque of Bursa (Ulu Cami) – Bursa

The Grand Mosque of Bursa, also known as Ulu Cami, is one of the largest mosques in Turkey and an important early example of Ottoman architecture. Completed in 1399 under Sultan Bayezid I, the mosque has 20 domes, supported by 12 pillars, a departure from the single-dome structure common in later Ottoman mosques.

The mosque has two minarets, each of a different design, which adds to its unique architectural character. It was a prototype for later grand mosques, such as those in Istanbul, but its understated elegance and historical significance make it stand out.

5. Kocatepe Mosque – Ankara

In the capital city of Ankara, the Kocatepe Mosque is a modern addition to Turkey ’s mosque landscape. Completed in 1987, its design follows traditional Ottoman architecture, with four minarets that rise 88 meters into the sky. Though built in contemporary times, Kocatepe’s architecture pays homage to classical Ottoman mosques, with large domes, spacious interiors, and ornately decorated ceilings.

Symbolism and Community Role

Mosques in Turkey are more than places of worship; they are centers of community life. They often feature courtyards, fountains for ablution, and madrasas (religious schools) attached to them. Historically, mosques also served as gathering places for social, political, and educational purposes.

Minarets, on the other hand, symbolize the presence of Islam and serve as a visual and auditory reminder of the faith. The call to prayer, broadcast from the minarets five times a day, ties the rhythm of daily life to religious practice, linking the spiritual with the temporal.

Featured image: Yeni Hamidiye Cami (Mosque) in Fethiye

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Turkey is a land of mountains, breathtaking scenery, and vast stretches of unspoiled countryside that serve as natural sanctuaries for its remarkable diversity of wildlife, flora, and fauna.

The rugged landscape has shaped the country’s cultural heritage for centuries. Nomadic and semi-nomadic communities once moved with their herds each year to the fresh mountain pastures, known as yayla. These alpine meadows continue to symbolise a living connection to Turkey’s enduring traditions.

Hiking

Hiking offers the perfect escape from the crowds, opening the door to the real Turkey—where breathtaking landscapes, remote historic sites, traditional villages, and warm, welcoming locals await.

While dedicated hikers may be drawn to the rugged interior and the dramatic mountains of the east, even a short walk inland from the busiest coastal resorts can feel like stepping into another world.

For those seeking a challenge, Turkey boasts three official long-distance trails: the Lycian Way—named by the Sunday Times as one of the world’s top ten walks—the St Paul Trail, and the Carian Trail.

Lycian Way

The Lycian Way is a 540km waymarked trail stretching along the coast from Fethiye to Antalya. It takes its name from the ancient Lycian civilisation, whose legacy is still visible today in the striking rock-carved tombs scattered across the region.

This dramatic stretch of coastline offers walkers a mix of breathtaking scenery and varied terrain. Wooded mountains rise steeply from the sea, providing spectacular views, while the path weaves past some of the area’s most remote historic sites.

The trail is graded medium to hard—not a flat coastal stroll but a route of steady ascents and descents as it approaches and retreats from the shoreline. The first sections near Fethiye are gentler, becoming progressively more challenging further east.

The best times to walk the Lycian Way are spring (February–May) and autumn (September–November). Summers are hot, though shorter, shaded stretches can still be enjoyed. The route follows ancient footpaths and mule tracks, mostly across limestone, which can be hard and stony underfoot.

Highlights of the Lycian Way

Discover more about the beaches along the Lycian Way in Lisa Morrow’s article.

Turkey’s Lycian Way: An epic hike with beautiful beaches at every turn

St Paul Trail

The St Paul Trail is a newer waymarked footpath stretching for around 500km from Perge, 10km east of Antalya, to Yalvaç, northeast of Lake Eğirdir. A second branch begins at Aspendos, 40km east of Antalya, and joins the main route at the Roman city of Adada.

Partly following the path taken by St Paul on his first missionary journey through Asia Minor, the trail begins at sea level and climbs to 2,200m, with two optional peaks reaching around 2,800m.

Wilder and more rugged than the Lycian Way, the St Paul Trail is also higher and cooler during the summer months. Walkers can enjoy a mix of experiences—some days traversing ridges and summits, others winding through forests, farmland, and ancient villages.villages.

Sütcüler

Early on the trail lies the town of Sütcüler, once an important Ottoman administrative centre. In the town centre stands a mosque from that era, while the ruins of a Roman settlement can be found on a nearby hill. The surrounding gorges were once crossed by ancient pilgrimage routes, and the area was known as Bavul, in honour of St Paul.

The second part of the walk leads over the shoulder of Mt Davras (2,635m) and across the İsparta plain, before two rewarding days of trekking in the Barla Mountains. Here, hikers have the option to summit Gelincik Dağı (2,799m) and Mt Kaymaz (2,250m).

An overnight stay in Barla precedes the route’s descent to the lakeside town of Eğirdir, where you can climb Sivri Dağı, relax in a traditional Turkish bath (hamam), or cool off with a swim in the lake.

Highlights of the St Paul Trail

The Carian Trail – Turkey’s Longest Coastal Hiking Trail

The Carian Trail is an 800km long-distance walking route in southwest Turkey, stretching from Bodrum and Karpuzlu on the Aegean coast, around the Gulf of Gökova, and on to Içmeler by the Mediterranean. Officially opened in 2013, it quickly became a rival to the famed Lycian Way as one of Turkey’s most remarkable treks.

Named after the ancient Carian civilisation, the trail winds through a landscape steeped in history. Stone-paved caravan routes and old mule paths link coastal villages with the mountainous interior, leading hikers into an unspoiled region rich in colour, tradition, and timeless charm.

Waymarked to international standards, the Carian Trail welcomes both independent walkers and guided groups to experience its blend of scenic beauty and cultural heritage. Along the way, hikers can swim from deserted turquoise bays, climb through pine-scented forests to hidden ruins, and gaze out across the dramatic Aegean coastline to the Greek islands.

The journey is filled with unexpected discoveries: wild mountain goats roaming the remote Datça Peninsula, traditional boatbuilding in Bozburun, Neolithic cave art near Lake Bafa, and handwoven village carpets crafted on ancient looms. For those seeking both adventure and authenticity, the Carian Trail offers an unforgettable experience.

Carian Trail consists of four main sections:

Bozburun Peninsula

Datça Peninsula

Gulf of Gokova

Carian Hinterland

One alternative section:

Muğla Environs

For more information on these routes, visit:

www.lycianway.com

Culture Routes Society: St Paul Trail

www.cariantrail.com

Sources: Discover Turkey/Culture Routes Society

This article was first published on 15 January 2019 and updated on 18 August 2025.

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Roses Express: İzmir to Isparta

This daily train is a must for lovers of classical history. The 10-hour journey winds through the coastal plains of the Aegean and into the hilly terrain of western Anatolia, but the real pleasure lies in the stops along the way to explore the region’s ancient ruins. The train stops at Selçuk station, just three miles from the UNESCO-listed Ephesus ruins, and at Denizli station, the gateway to Pamukkale’s travertine terraces and the ancient city of Hierapolis. Its final stop is Isparta, the entry point to the mountaintop ruins of Sagalassos. 

Eastern Express: Ankara to Kars

The daily Eastern Express covers 814 miles through the high plateaus and mountainous landscapes of northeast Anatolia. In winter, when snow blankets the peaks and plains, it becomes one of Turkey’s most stunning journeys. Most travelers bring their own picnic instead of relying on the basic dining car, settling in for the 26-hour trip in either Pullman seats or four-berth shared couchette sleeper compartments. From December to March, the pricier Touristic Eastern Express departs three times a week, offering two-berth private sleeper compartments and including stops for excursions in historic cities.

Taurus Express: Konya to Adana

This passenger train travels along the historic railway line carved through the Taurus Mountains between 1904 and 1918, cutting across the Cilician Gates mountain pass once traversed by Alexander the Great. Originally designed as the northern section of the Baghdad Railway, the route is flanked by steep, forested slopes and deep gorges, passing through numerous tunnels and crossing the 320-foot-high stone Varda Viaduct, famously featured in the 2012 Bond film Skyfall. The seven-hour, daily Taurus Express connects Konya with Adana, an excellent starting point for exploring the castles and ruins of Turkey’s eastern Mediterranean region.

Pamukkale Express: Eskişehir to Denizli

The nine-hour Pamukkale Express connects the vibrant arts hub of Eskişehir with Denizli, the gateway to Pamukkale and Hierapolis, offering a front-row view of the rural heartland of northwest Anatolia. The northern stretch of the journey winds through valleys once ruled by the Iron Age Phrygian kings, while further south, the landscape opens into expansive farmland framed by fir-forested hills. The train departs daily in both directions, making it an ideal way to experience this picturesque region.

Lake Van Express: Ankara to Tatvan

Two long-distance routes showcase the stunning landscapes of southeast Anatolia, featuring rugged, rock-strewn plateaus, rolling hills, vast lakes, and sprawling orchards and farmland. Both routes cross the Euphrates River at the Karakaya Dam via the 2,030-meter-long Euphrates Railway Bridge, offering some of their most scenic views in spring and autumn. Like the Eastern Express, the dining car is basic, so most passengers bring their own food for onboard picnics.

The twice-weekly Lake Van Express covers 775 miles over 26 hours, traveling between Ankara and Tatvan on the western shore of Lake Van, Turkey’s largest lake, spanning 1,435 square miles. Tatvan is the gateway to Van, a city that serves as the ideal base for exploring Turkey’s southeastern corner, including the renowned Akdamar Church, an Armenian artistic masterpiece. Travelers can choose from Pullman seating, four-berth shared couchette compartments, or two-bed private sleeper cabins for their journey.

South Express: Ankara to Diyarbakır

The South Express meanders 653 miles between Ankara and the ancient walled city of Diyarbakır, a perfect introduction to the rich heritage of southeastern Turkey. Diyarbakır, known for its ancient monuments, Kurdish culture, and historic bridges spanning the Tigris River, is a highlight of the journey. The regular 22-hour South Express runs five times a week at a fraction of the cost of the Touristic Diyarbakır Express, which covers the same route in 24 hours. Departing once a month, the touristic version includes stops for excursions in Malatya when heading east, and in Yolçatı (for Harput Castle) and Kayseri when heading west.

Sivas-Samsun Railway

This eight-hour route links Sivas, a city renowned for its stunning 13th-century Seljuk-era architecture, with the Black Sea port of Samsun, home to the Amisos Treasures—a remarkable collection of golden artifacts now showcased in the new Samsun Museum. Running three times a week in both directions, the train leisurely winds through hills dotted with farms before passing by the Canık Mountains. For a more relaxed journey, consider breaking it into two stages by stopping in Amasya, where the cliffside tombs of Pontic kings overlook charming Ottoman houses lining the Yeşilırmak River below.

For ticket details, including pricing, availability, and booking options, please visit: https://bilet.tcdd.gov.tr/

Source: National Geographic

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For nearly half a century, lavender cultivation has played a central role in the village’s identity and economy. What began as a hobby among local gardeners has grown into a thriving commercial activity. Today, Kuyucak accounts for more than half of all lavender production in Turkey. According to the Turkish Statistical Institute, the village produces approximately 93% of Turkey’s lavender across 3,000 decares of land.

Lavender is not the only botanical treasure here—cultivators in Kuyucak have long nurtured a variety of naturally growing flowers and herbs. This tradition of cultivation has made the region a hub for aromatic plants, contributing to Turkey’s wider production of essential oils used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and wellness products.

Nestled 47 kilometres from Isparta and perched on a high hill at the edge of the Taurus Mountains, Kuyucak is home to just 260 residents. The local community—many of whom are lavender cultivators—play an active role in preserving and promoting the village’s unique heritage. Their fields paint the surrounding slopes and plains in vibrant shades of purple each June and July, when the lavender begins to flower.

As you stroll through Kuyucak’s cobblestone streets, you’re greeted by various hues of violet and purple, mingling with the soothing aroma of lavender that fills the air. This powerful combination of natural beauty, vivid colour, and aromatic essence creates an atmosphere that delights the senses and calms the mind.

By August, the harvest begins, and the lavender is gathered for the production of essential oils, teas, soaps, and more. Visitors can take part in garden tours, photo safaris, hiking and biking trails, and even learn how to extract lavender oil themselves—experiencing first-hand the magic behind one of Turkey’s most fragrant exports.

The Role of Lavender in Turkey

Lavender essential oil is highly valued in Turkey’s cosmetics and pharmaceutical sectors. National production has increased dramatically in recent years with an 87% rise. Although domestic production does not yet meet total demand, the growth has helped boost lavender oil exports.

In addition to its calming fragrance, lavender is used in perfumes, soaps, and wellness products. It is praised for its therapeutic benefits, including pain relief, stress reduction, and help with insomnia. Lavender is also used in herbal teas and aromatherapy, and its diuretic and anti-rheumatic properties add to its appeal.

Lavender Honey and Other Local Delights

Kuyucak is also known for its delicate lavender honey, prized for its subtle flavour, lightness, and health benefits. Low in saturated fat and rich in amino acids, minerals, and vitamin C, this honey is a favourite among consumers and nutritionists alike.

Other traditional products include lavender pillows, known for their relaxing effects—especially helpful for those suffering from sleep disorders. These are even used as cushions for babies to promote restful sleep.

Visit Kuyucak: Turkey’s Lavender-Scented Escape

Whether you’re a nature lover, a photographer, or simply someone in search of tranquillity, Kuyucak Village offers a sensory experience like no other. Visit during lavender season and witness first-hand the stunning union of colour, fragrance, and tradition in Turkey’s Lavender Village.

Source: Daily Sabah/Culture Trip

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Ölüdeniz Beach – The Blue Lagoon

Located in Fethiye, Ölüdeniz is one of Türkiye’s most iconic beaches. Its famous Blue Lagoon, with calm turquoise waters, is perfect for swimming and paddleboarding. Adventure seekers can enjoy paragliding from Babadağ Mountain, offering breathtaking aerial views of this paradise.

Kaputaş Beach – A Hidden Gem

Nestled between towering cliffs along the Turquoise Coast, Kaputaş Beach is a small but spectacular spot near Kaş. Its vibrant blue waters and golden sands make it a perfect escape for those looking to enjoy a peaceful, natural setting.

Patara Beach – A Sunset Lover’s Dream

Patara Beach, one of Türkiye’s longest beaches, stretches for nearly 18 kilometres along the Mediterranean coast. Known for its fine sand dunes and stunning sunsets, Patara is also a protected area for nesting sea turtles.

Iztuzu Beach – The Turtle Beach

Located near Dalyan, Iztuzu Beach is famous as a nesting site for endangered loggerhead sea turtles. This pristine stretch of sand offers a perfect balance of natural beauty and wildlife conservation.

Cleopatra Beach – A Legendary Retreat

Legend has it that Cleopatra herself swam in the clear waters of this stunning beach in Alanya. With its fine golden sand and crystal-clear water, Cleopatra Beach remains a favourite for both locals and tourists.

Ilıca Beach, Izmir – Thermal Waters and Soft Sands

Ilıca Beach, located in Çeşme, is known for its warm, mineral-rich waters and silky white sand. The beach is perfect for those looking to enjoy both the sea and the healing benefits of thermal springs.

Olympos Beach, Antalya – Where History Meets Nature

Olympos Beach is unique for its combination of natural beauty and ancient ruins. Located in a lush valley near the ancient city of Olympos, this beach is a haven for backpackers and nature enthusiasts.

Kabak Beach, Fethiye – A Secluded Paradise

For those looking to escape the crowds, Kabak Beach is a must-visit. Surrounded by lush pine forests and dramatic cliffs, this hidden gem offers tranquillity and a stunning setting for camping or yoga retreats.

Camel Beach, Bodrum – A Serene Escape

Named after the camels that once roamed the area, Camel Beach in Bodrum offers calm, crystal-clear waters and a peaceful atmosphere. It’s an ideal spot for a relaxing beach day away from the hustle and bustle.

Konyaaltı Beach, Antalya – A Beach with a View

One of Antalya’s most popular beaches, Konyaaltı Beach is known for its long pebbly shore and breathtaking views of the Taurus Mountains. With a lively atmosphere, beach clubs, and a range of water sports, it’s perfect for those looking for both relaxation and entertainment.

Whether you prefer secluded bays, lively beachfronts, or beaches with historical charm, Türkiye’s coastline offers something for everyone. Each beach tells its own story, inviting visitors to relax, explore, and fall in love with the country’s natural beauty.

Have you visited any of these stunning beaches? Let us know your favourites!

Featured image: Kaputaş Beach by Tolga Kanık

Source: Daily Sabah

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Nothing quite compares to the vibrant energy of Istanbul’s bustling bazaars, packed with stalls offering everything from spices to handcrafted treasures. But for a slower-paced, authentic experience, rural markets provide a glimpse into local life and are often the best places to find one-of-a-kind handmade items.

Here are some special finds that truly capture the spirit of Türkiye.

Ceramics

Renowned for their vibrant colours and intricate designs, Turkish ceramics are a cherished artistic tradition, blending geometric patterns with floral motifs like carnations, roses, hyacinths, and tulips. Styles vary by region—Iznik, Kütahya, and Çanakkale are particularly famous for their ceramic craftsmanship, while Avanos is well known for its beautifully hand-painted pottery and porcelain.

Jewellery

Türkiye is renowned for its exquisite gold jewellery, featuring unique, original designs. Silver is also a popular choice, often adorned with precious stones in rings and necklaces. One of the most iconic pieces is the blue glass eye (boncuk), believed to protect against evil. For a truly special gift, locally crafted jewellery inspired by authentic Ottoman designs offers both beauty and cultural significance.

Water Pipes

Elegantly crafted nargiles (water pipes) remain a cherished tradition in Türkiye, often enjoyed in specialised cafés. Beyond their use, they serve as stunning decorative pieces, with vibrant glass bottles, ornate metal stems, and intricate hoses forming a distinctive shape that reflects the rich cultural heritage of the Middle East and Anatolia.

Inlaid Wood

Exquisitely crafted jewellery boxes, made from wood or bone and adorned with intricate inlays or hand-painted designs, make for truly unique souvenirs. For backgammon (tavla) enthusiasts, Türkiye’s markets and shops offer beautifully inlaid rosewood sets, perfect for both play and display.

Copperware

Antique copperware is highly valued for its craftsmanship and history, often commanding high prices. However, beautifully crafted modern pieces are also widely available at more affordable prices, allowing visitors to take home a piece of Türkiye’s rich metalworking tradition without breaking the bank.

Glassware

There are numerous excellent examples of blue and white striped glassware, known as çeşimbülbül, crafted at the renowned Paşabahçe factory. The company produces a wide variety of functional designs, as well as a high-end collection in fine lead crystal. Paşabahçe glassware makes for a delightful and elegant gift.

Textiles

Hand-woven textiles, including ikat (where the cotton is dyed during weaving), and exquisite embroidery are just a few of the many fabric options available for purchase. Türkiye is also a prominent producer of high-quality garments and knitwear. The country is known for its luxurious bathrobes and towels. For the finest woollens and fabrics, look for the Altınyıldız label.

Local Delicacies

Delectable treats like halva, Turkish Delight (lokum), and baklava are always favourites. Turkish Delight comes in a variety of flavours, and one of the perks of purchasing it in Türkiye is the chance to sample the different varieties before making your selection.

A wide variety of aromatic spices, along with dried fruits and nuts, are sold loose by weight in most markets and tourist shops.

Source: DK Eyewitness Travel Turkey

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Whether you’re a resident looking to honour these significant days or a traveller eager to experience the country’s cultural heartbeat, being familiar with Türkiye’s 2025 cultural festival schedule is essential. From joyous family gatherings to grand national celebrations, these holidays provide the perfect backdrop for creating unforgettable memories.

Here’s your comprehensive guide to Türkiye’s 2025 cultural festivals — ideal for planning vacations, long weekends, or simply soaking in the festive atmosphere.

Camel Wrestling

Every year, on the third Sunday in January, the annual Camel Wrestling Championship takes place in Selçuk, Türkiye.

Camel wrestling originated over 2,400 years ago among ancient Turkic tribes, inspired by camels’ natural wrestling behaviour. Although an American military officer attempted to introduce the practice in Texas in the 1850s, his efforts were thwarted by the onset of the Civil War.

In the 1920s, the Turkish National Aviation League organised camel wrestling events to raise funds for purchasing planes, but the government discouraged the practice, viewing it as outdated. By the 1980s, a renewed emphasis on preserving cultural heritage led to the revival and promotion of camel wrestling as part of Türkiye’s historic traditions.

Held near Pamucak Beach, close to Ephesus and Selçuk, the event is approximately 7 km from Selçuk. You can easily reach the wrestling area by minibus or taxi.

Location Map: https://maps.app.goo.gl/TuCqRX4MSfXgY8Gz7

Datça Almond Blossom Festival (Badem Çiçeği Festivali)

Each year, the Datça Peninsula welcomes an early spring with the vibrant and colourful Almond Blossom Festival (Badem Çiçeği Festivali), held from 13th-16th February 2025.

This four-day celebration showcases the region’s agricultural pride—almond trees—in full bloom, with a packed programme of events centred around their beauty and significance.

Nevruz: A Celebration of Spring and Renewal

Nevruz, meaning “new day,” marks the first day of spring and nature’s renewal. This 3,000-year-old festivity is celebrated across regions such as the Balkans, Central Asia, and the Middle East.

It features rituals, ceremonies, cultural events, and shared meals with loved ones. Traditions include wearing new clothes, visiting family and friends, and exchanging gifts, especially with children.

Celebrated on 20 March 2025, Nevruz promotes peace, solidarity, reconciliation, and neighbourliness. In Türkiye, thousands marked the day with vibrant rituals, particularly in the southeastern and eastern regions.

You can read more about Nevruz here:

Alaçatı Herb Festival

The Alaçatı Herb Festival is an annual event held in late March or April* in the picturesque town of Alaçatı, located in the Çeşme district of Izmir. This vibrant festival celebrates the region’s abundance of culinary and medicinal herbs, attracting visitors from across Türkiye and beyond.

Visitors can indulge in a wide array of traditional dishes crafted with local herbs and spices. These unique flavours offer a taste of the region’s rich culinary heritage, making it a must-visit event for food lovers.

The festival also features engaging workshops on herbal medicine and natural cosmetics. These sessions provide insights into the healing properties and practical uses of the region’s diverse plant life, appealing to those interested in wellness and natural remedies.

*Dates to follow

Yeşilüzümlü Mushroom and Dastar Festival

A vibrant annual celebration held at the end of April or early May* in the charming village of Yeşilüzümlü, located in the Fethiye district of Muğla.

This unique event showcases the region’s prized wild mushrooms, particularly the delicious kuzugöbeği (morel), and celebrates the traditional dastar handwoven fabric.

Visitors can enjoy a variety of mushroom-based dishes, attend workshops and exhibitions on local crafts, and witness the art of dastar weaving. The festival offers a perfect blend of gastronomy, culture, and heritage, attracting nature enthusiasts, food lovers, and those keen to explore the local traditions of this picturesque village.

*Dates to follow

Istanbul in April: the Tulip Festival

Every April since 2006, Istanbul has come alive with a breathtaking display of tulips as part of the city’s annual Tulip Festival. The city government plants millions of tulips in parks, avenues, roundabouts, and open spaces, transforming Istanbul into a vibrant sea of colour.

This celebration of spring showcases the beauty of tulips, a flower deeply rooted in Turkish culture and history. Throughout the month of April, visitors and residents alike can enjoy these dazzling blooms adorning the city, creating picture-perfect landscapes and a festive atmosphere.

Hıdırellez – Türkiye’s spring festival

Hıdırellez, a traditional festival to usher in spring, falls on May 6 each year and celebrations start on May 5 around the country, especially among the Roma community.

Hıdırellez is regarded as one of the most important seasonal festivals in both Türkiye and parts of the Middle East. 

Called the Day of Hızır (Ruz-ı Hızır) in Türkiye, Hıdırellez is celebrated as the day on which the prophets Hızır (Al-Khdir) and Ilyas (Elijah) met on Earth.

It is believed that Hızır and Ilyas meet on earth only once every year. While Hızır helps and guides people who are in a difficult situation, and also brings abundance, Ilyas is believed to be the protector of the waters.

It is also believed that, as they symbolise abundance, everywhere they step turns green, and everything they touch becomes more fruitful or healed.

You can read more about Hıdırellez here:

Oil wrestling (yağlı güreş)

Oil wrestling, or yağlı güreş, is a beloved and traditional sport in Türkiye, with the renowned Edirne event being the prime location to experience this thrilling spectacle.

The 664th Kırkpınar Oil Wrestling Festival will be held from 30th June to 6th July 2025, drawing wrestlers and spectators from all over the country to celebrate this unique and centuries-old tradition. Kırkpınar Oil Wrestling was awarded UNESCO Intangible Heritage Status in 2010.

Oil wrestling festivals are held in various locations throughout the summer months across Türkiye, including Seki and Kınık*

*Dates to follow

Aspendos International Opera and Ballet Festival 2025

The Roman Amphitheatre at Aspendos is renowned as one of the most ancient and magnificent amphitheatres in the world. Remarkably well-preserved thanks to meticulous conservation efforts, it stands as one of the few 2,000-year-old structures still in use today.

Since 1994, this iconic venue has hosted an annual International Opera and Ballet Festival during mid to late September (various dates*), featuring performances of the finest classical repertoire. The festival offers a unique blend of history and culture, bringing world-class opera and ballet to this timeless setting.

*Dates to follow

International Fethiye Ölüdeniz Air Games Festival

The International Fethiye Ölüdeniz Air Games Festival is held annually in October* bringing together athletes from nearly 60 countries for a thrilling celebration of air sports.

The event features breathtaking aerial displays that fill the skies with excitement, along with evenings packed with concerts and entertainment for everyone to enjoy. Held in the stunning Ölüdeniz region, this festival is a must-see for thrill-seekers, families, and anyone looking for an unforgettable experience.

*Dates to follow

Rumi and Annual Whirling Dervish Festival

The Rumi and Annual Whirling Dervish Festival in Konya is a ten-day celebration from 7th to 17th December, the day of Mevlana Jelaleddin Rumi’s passing, often referred to as his “wedding night”—the night he departed this earthly life and was united in love with the Divine.

During the festival, visitors can witness the mesmerising performance of the Whirling Dervishes, who spin in ceremonial dance, seeking inner peace and spiritual connection. This deeply moving event honours Rumi’s teachings and his profound relationship with the Divine, offering a unique and transformative experience for all who attend.

Recognised as one of Türkiye,’s most culturally significant festivals, it was awarded UNESCO Intangible Heritage Status in 2008.

Whether through music, dance, food, or ancient rituals, Türkiye’s cultural festivals are a testament to its enduring legacy and the warmth of its people, making them an essential part of any travel experience.

We will provide more details as they become available throughout the year.

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Here’s a complete guide to Türkiye’s 2025 public holidays, offering the perfect chance to plan vacations, long weekends, or special celebrations.

Key Holidays to Mark for 2025

Türkiye’s public holidays blend secular, religious, and national celebrations, each holding a special place in the hearts of its people.

New Year’s Day – January 1, 2025

The year kicks off with a fresh start on this single-day holiday.

Ramazan Feast (Ramazan Bayramı) – March 30 – April 1, 2025

Known as Ramazan Bayramı, this beloved three-day holiday marks the end of the holy month of fasting. Families gather for festive meals and share acts of kindness. Keep in mind, businesses and government offices typically close, so plan ahead if you’re traveling.

National Sovereignty and Children’s Day(Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı) – April 23, 2025

This day commemorates the founding of Türkiye’s Grand National Assembly in 1920 and is uniquely dedicated to children, with lively events and celebrations nationwide.

Labour Day (Emek ve Dayanışma Günü) – May 1, 2025)

Celebrated globally, this day honours workers and the achievements of the labour movement. Expect public events and gatherings to mark the occasion.

Atatürk Memorial, Youth, and Sports Day (Atatürk’ü Anma, Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı) – May 19, 2025)

This national holiday celebrates the beginning of the Turkish War of Independence in 1919 and is a tribute to Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. It’s a day for sports events and youth-centered activities.

Feast of Sacrifice (Kurban Bayramı) – June 6 – 9, 2025)

Kurban Bayramı is Türkiye’s most important religious holiday. Over four days, families come together for prayers, feasts, and acts of charity. Book your travel plans early, as it’s a popular time for domestic travel.

Democracy and National Unity Day (Demokrasi ve Millî Birlik Günü) – July 15, 2025

This holiday honours the national unity shown during the events of 2016. It’s a day of remembrance and patriotism.

Victory Day (Zafer Bayramı) – August 30, 2025

Zafer Bayramı commemorates the 1922 Battle of Dumlupınar, marking Türkiye’s victory in its War of Independence. Expect patriotic celebrations across the country.

Republic Day (Cumhuriyet Bayramı) – October 29, 2025

Celebrating the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, this iconic holiday begins on the afternoon of October 28, extending into a day filled with parades, concerts, and fireworks.

Why Plan Around Public Holidays?

Public holidays in Türkiye often affect business hours and transportation schedules, making early planning crucial. They also coincide with vibrant celebrations, offering the perfect opportunity to experience Türkiye’s rich heritage and welcoming spirit.

Whether you’re dreaming of exploring Türkiye’s serene coastlines, bustling cities, or hidden gems, 2025’s public holidays provide the ideal backdrop for unforgettable adventures. Start planning now to make the most of these special dates and create lasting memories in this extraordinary country!

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Hakan Öniz, a pioneer in underwater archaeology, has spent decades uncovering Türkiye’s submerged past. His expertise bridges history and marine science, making him a compelling guide to the treasures hidden beneath the waves. From Kekova’s shores, he invites viewers to dive into the depths of Türkiye’s coastal waters, revealing an underwater museum of shipwrecks, ancient ports, and cities lost to time.

The magic of Kekova

Kekova Island, located near the charming town of Demre in Antalya Province, is a UNESCO-protected area celebrated for its unique blend of natural beauty and historical significance. Its shallow waters are a haven for snorkelers and divers, offering views of the Sunken City of Simena. This Lycian-era city was partially submerged following earthquakes centuries ago, leaving behind ghostly stone structures visible just below the surface.

Under Hakan Öniz’s guidance, the island transforms into more than a scenic destination. Through his research and storytelling, the ruins come alive as markers of ancient trade routes, maritime technology, and cultural exchange that shaped Mediterranean history.

A journey through submerged time

Öniz’s work doesn’t stop at Kekova. Turkey’s coastline, spanning the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, is dotted with underwater archaeological sites that date back thousands of years. He has led expeditions uncovering Bronze Age shipwrecks, Byzantine-era harbours, and Roman amphorae fields. Each discovery adds another piece to the puzzle of human history, shedding light on the civilizations that once thrived along these shores.

One of the most remarkable aspects of Öniz’s approach is his ability to merge cutting-edge technology with traditional archaeological methods. Using underwater drones, 3D mapping, and advanced imaging techniques, he captures the essence of these submerged wonders for a global audience, making them accessible to anyone with a thirst for adventure and knowledge.

Protecting Türkiye’s underwater heritage

As a passionate advocate for the preservation of underwater cultural heritage, Hakan Öniz underscores the importance of sustainable tourism and strict regulations in safeguarding sites like Kekova. Türkiye’s underwater world faces threats from looting, pollution, and unregulated diving, making his mission all the more urgent.

By raising awareness through media and educational projects, Öniz inspires both locals and visitors to cherish and protect this fragile underwater legacy. His efforts highlight how preserving history is not just about conserving artefacts but also about maintaining the stories that connect humanity across generations.

An invitation to dive into history

From the Sunken City of Kekova to the depths of the Mediterranean, Hakan Öniz takes us on a journey that transcends time and space. Through his work, he reveals Türkiye’s underwater treasures as not only archaeological wonders but also windows into the shared heritage of civilizations.

For those fortunate enough to experience Kekova firsthand or explore it through Öniz’s captivating narratives, the waters of southern Türkiye become more than a backdrop—they become a portal to the past, brimming with mystery and discovery.

Source: BBC Global

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“There is a great opening in the earth, from which fire emerges,” noted the ancient writer Palaephatus in On Incredible Things. “The name of this mountain is Chimaera.” His observations were not myth but reality, for Yanartaş is as mesmerizing today as it was centuries ago, its flames burning perpetually as they did during ancient times. This unique site, nestled in the Olympos Beydagları National Park near Antalya, is an enchanting intersection of natural wonder, ancient history, and mythic imagination.

The Wonders of Yanartaş

Olympos Beydagları National Park, where Yanartaş resides, is a region marked by rugged peaks, crystal-clear coves, and Mediterranean forests. Yet even amid this splendor, the flames of Yanartaş stand out as a marvel. Visitors reach the site by hiking a short trail through fragrant pine woods, ascending to a rocky plateau where flames flicker from small openings in the ground. The smell of faint natural gas mixes with the hum of cicadas, enhancing the otherworldly feel of the place.

This natural phenomenon is caused by methane gas that rises through the earth’s crust and combusts on contact with the atmosphere, producing an eerie, perpetual fire. Beneath the surface, igneous rocks rich in ruthenium create a catalytic environment that perpetuates the methane’s formation, giving Yanartaş one of the world’s most consistently combustible landscapes.

“It’s like nothing else,” says Ibrahim Genc, a Turkish tour guide of over 25 years who regularly leads visitors to Yanartaş. “The flames are so steady that I joked we could cook kebabs here, though, of course, grilling is prohibited.” Beyond its scientific intrigue, the place holds a mesmerizing beauty: the flames burn more vividly in the evening, casting an ethereal glow against the backdrop of distant turquoise seas.

The Myth of the Chimaera: Fact or Fiction?

To ancient eyes, these fires must have appeared nothing short of miraculous. Indeed, the mountain’s mythological ties run deep. Greek mythology speaks of the Chimaera, a fire-breathing beast that terrorized the region of Lycia, thought to be inspired by the fiery landscape of Yanartaş. As depicted by the ancient poet Hesiod, the Chimaera was a formidable creature: “In her forepart, she was a lion; in her hinderpart, a dragon; and in her middle, a goat, breathing forth a fearful blast of blazing fire.”

The Chimaera myth speaks of a hero, Bellerophon, who, riding the winged horse Pegasus, was tasked with slaying the fire-breathing beast by the Lycian King Iobates. According to Homer’s Iliad, Bellerophon, guided by the gods, triumphed, vanquishing the creature. Yet it is likely that “slaying the Chimaera” was a metaphor: in reality, Bellerophon’s victory may have symbolized the human conquest of the flaming mountainside, taming it so that people could dwell safely near its flames.

Later scholars, including medieval writer Isidore of Seville, noted that Bellerophon’s defeat of the Chimaera might have meant he made the mountain livable, lending credibility to the idea that the mountain itself—not a monster—was the real origin of the fiery legend.

Practical Tips for Visiting Yanartaş

Yanartaş is a year-round marvel, but local guide Ibrahim Genc recommends planning a visit from mid-September to late November or mid-March to late May, when the temperatures are cooler. Evening visits, in particular, offer a special experience as twilight accentuates the flames, casting an enchanting glow over the surroundings.

Though tempting, any attempt to use the flames for cooking is discouraged—the site is under state protection, and it is illegal to disturb the flames or the surrounding rocks. Yanartaş and the surrounding areas represent Türkiye’s invaluable natural and cultural heritage, safeguarded for future generations to appreciate.

Türkiye’s Yanartaş remains a testament to the resilience of ancient legends, where the physical world and the mythic intertwine. Visitors to this “burning mountain” experience firsthand the marvel that once inspired tales of fire-breathing beasts and heroic conquests. In Yanartaş, the line between legend and nature blurs, reminding us of the mysteries and wonders that have shaped human culture since antiquity.

Source: CNN Newssource

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