Summer is here and if we couldn’t tell that by the long hot sunny days, we would know by the cicadas and their chorus.

We often get asked the question, “What is that noise?”

It greets you in the morning and continues throughout the day, getting louder and louder until it reaches a deafening crescendo.

It’s the chorus of the cicadas and they’re singing the song of summer.

What are cicadas?

Cicadas are insects best known for their buzzing noise which can be amplified by multitudes of insects into an overpowering hum.

They are members of the superfamily Cicadoidea and are physically distinguished by their stout bodies, broad heads, clear-membrane wings, and large compound eyes.

Most cicadas appear every year from late June through August, while others emerge only every few years.

People generally don’t see them because they spend their time in the tree canopy, but their calling card is the buzzing noise they make in short bursts.

Cicada songs

Cicadas usually sing during the heat of the day.

The cicada makes the loudest sound of any insect and can be heard from up to a mile away.

Males produce a shrill buzzing sound with vibrating membranes, called tymbals, on their abdomens.

Each species of cicada has a different song. The sounds vary widely and some species are more musical than others. Though cicada noises may sound alike to humans, the insects use different sounds as mating calls or to express alarm. The loud noise actually repels birds. The cicada’s song is painful to the birds’ ears and interferes with their communication, making it difficult for the birds to hunt in groups. Male cicadas in the same brood will stick together when calling in order to increase the total volume of noise. This reduces the chances of bird predation for the whole brood.

They are hot-blooded singers and the hotter it is the louder they sing!

What are cicadas not?

Grasshoppers, Crickets and Katydids (Orthopterans) are often confused with cicadas because they are relatively large, singing insects. There are many differences between cicadas and Orthopterans, but the easiest way to tell them apart is Orthopterans have huge hind legs.

Cicada facts

• There are over 2,000 types of cicadas
• They live on every continent except Antarctica
• They are “cold-blooded” so they rely on air temperature and direct sunlight to warm up, and unless their bodies are warm enough, they won’t be able to fly, sing and mate.
• Only the males sing. They do this in an attempt to find a mate.
• Different species have different songs to attract only their own kind.
• Adult cicadas have short lives, usually only a few weeks.
• Most of their lives are spent as nymphs underground. For some species, this can be up to several years.
• They feed only on plant sap using their piercing, sucking mouthparts.
• Cicadas are harmless to people.  They don’t bite or sting.

The amazing cicada life cycle

In this video, Sir David Attenborough outlines the amazing life cycle of the cicada.

Anyone for a protein-filled snack?

Have you ever considered eating insects as a source of protein? If your answer is no, now may be the time to reconsider. According to a study by the University of Copenhagen, eating insects is more sustainable than eating livestock. The same study shows that there are over 2,000 species of edible insects, though some are rare. Thankfully, some edible insects are easily available in numbers large enough to supplement global protein needs. 

One of the insects seen as a possible remedy for global protein needs is the cicada. Cicadas are safe to eat and among the most nutritious insects. These insects are rich in protein and can be harvested in large numbers during their breeding seasons. – Source: https://inhabitat.com/can-eating-cicadas-solve-the-sustainable-protein-problem/

We prefer listening to the song of the summer…

This article was first published on 4 August 2020.

The post A chorus of cicadas appeared first on Fethiye Times.

AKUT gained classification by the United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group in 2011 and is one of only three organisations in Turkey that has INSARAG classification.

Since its inception, AKUT has carried out over 3,500 operations, saving lives in situations ranging from mountain rescues to flood responses.

The 1999 Marmara (İzmit) earthquake, which struck on 17th August with a magnitude of 7.6, claimed over 17,000 lives and left more than 250,000 people homeless. In the aftermath, AKUT played a crucial role in rescue efforts, saving over 200 lives.

More recently, on 6th February 2023, two devastating earthquakes, with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.5, struck southeastern Turkey and northern Syria. The disaster caused widespread destruction, resulting in over 50,000 deaths in Turkey alone and displacing millions. AKUT was actively involved in search and rescue operations, working alongside national and international teams to save lives amid the devastation.

As of the latest available data, Turkey ranks among the top countries in terms of earthquake-related fatalities. Between 1900 and 2016, Turkey experienced significant losses due to seismic events. Notably, the 1999 İzmit earthquake resulted in over 17,000 deaths. More recently, the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes caused approximately 62,000 fatalities, further impacting Turkey’s standing in global earthquake fatality statistics. 

While specific rankings can vary depending on the time frame and data sources considered, Türkiye remains one of the countries most affected by deadly earthquakes.

Preparing for an Earthquake

An earthquake is a series of seismic waves generated by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust, caused by the build-up and subsequent release of tectonic strain along geological fault lines. Being prepared is essential, as it ensures you and your family are ready to respond quickly and effectively when an earthquake strikes, minimising risks and maximising safety.

Inspect Your Building: Ensure that your home or workplace has been assessed for structural safety and meets the necessary building standards.

Get Insurance: Protect your property and belongings by securing insurance that covers earthquake-related damage and losses.

Identify Safe Places: Locate secure spots in your home, workplace, children’s school, and other frequented locations where you can take cover during an earthquake.

Set a Family Meeting Point: Choose a designated meeting place in case you become separated, such as a school gymnasium or a local basketball court.

Create an Emergency Plan: Develop a clear action plan that includes meeting points and conduct regular drills to ensure everyone knows what to do in an emergency.

Know How to Turn Off Utilities: Learn how to safely switch off gas, electricity, and water in that order. If you smell gas, do not touch any electrical switches—evacuate immediately.

Secure Loose Objects: Fasten tall furniture, such as bookcases and cabinets, and secure gas bottles to prevent them from toppling over.

Store Chemicals Safely: Ensure hazardous materials are stored properly to prevent spills or leaks during an earthquake.

Preparing an Emergency Bag

Having an emergency bag ready can make a crucial difference during a disaster. Ensure yours includes the following:

Essential Items

• Drinking water

• Non-perishable food

• First aid kit

Recommended Items

• Radio

• Torch (flashlight)

• Spare batteries

• Cash

• Notebook and pen

• Whistle

• Important documents (e.g., insurance papers, title deeds)

• Passport or ID

• A phone book with important contact numbers

Personal Items

• Blanket

• Prescribed medication (e.g., blood pressure medication, insulin)

• Baby essentials (e.g., food, feeding bottle, nappies)

• Any other necessary personal items for you or your family

Emergency Contact Numbers

Ensure you have a list of essential emergency services:

Ambulance – 112

Police – 155

Fire Brigade – 110

Forest Fires – 177

Natural Gas Emergencies – 187

Gendarmerie – 156

Coastguard – 158

AKUT Search & Rescue – 0212 217 0410

In Muğla, all emergency services can be reached by dialling 112. However, emergency numbers may vary by region. If you plan to travel outside your local area, check the relevant emergency contact numbers via this link in Turkish.

What to Do During an Earthquake

Stay Calm – The most important thing is to avoid panic. Protect yourself by moving to the safe spots you previously identified.

If Indoors – If your building is structurally sound and heavy objects are secured, crouch down, take cover, and hold on to something stable.

If Outdoors – Crouch down in an open space, away from trees, power lines, and buildings. Be aware of your surroundings and avoid standing in the middle of roads.

If on an Upper Floor – Do not use the stairs or attempt to jump from a window. Stay in a safe location and protect yourself until the shaking stops.

What to Do After an Earthquake

Stay Calm and Stay Together – Remain composed and stay with your family.

Leave Your Safe Spot and Grab Your Emergency Bag – Take only essential items and prepare to evacuate if necessary.

Turn Off Utilities – Switch off the gas first, then electricity, and finally water. If you smell gas, do not touch electrical switches—leave the property immediately and calmly.

Go to Your Designated Meeting Point – Avoid using your mobile phone to keep networks clear for emergencies.

Stay Away from Damaged Buildings – Do not re-enter any structure until authorities confirm it is safe. Avoid smoking indoors.

Document Property Damage – If possible, take photos of any structural damage for insurance purposes.

Be Cautious with Cupboards and Shelves – Items may have shifted during the quake and could fall when opened.

Prepare for Aftershocks – If they occur, drop down, take cover, and hold on.

Stay Informed – Follow emergency updates and instructions via a portable, battery-operated radio

What to Do If You Are Trapped Under Rubble

Stay Calm – Try to remain composed and avoid panicking.

Protect Your Breathing – Cover your nose and mouth with a piece of cloth or clothing to prevent inhaling dust. Minimise movement to avoid stirring up more dust in the confined space.

Conserve Energy – If rescuers can’t hear you, avoid shouting to conserve your energy. Instead, call for help at regular intervals and strike nearby solid objects like pipes or the building itself, as these conduct sound. If you have a whistle, use it.

Listen for Nearby Voices – Pay attention to any sounds from people around you, and try to communicate with others who may also be trapped nearby.

Tsunamis

Tsunamis are caused by a sudden displacement of the ocean, which can be caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity, or other events. 

Earthquakes are the most common cause of tsunamis, occurring when tectonic plates move against each other, causing the ocean floor to move 

You can read more about what to do in a tsunami warning here: UNESCO Tsunami Programme

Make a donation

The largest earthquakes on record to hit Fethiye were in 1957. The first earthquake hit at 21:17 hours local time on 24th April 1957 and lasted 25 seconds having a magnitude of 7.1; a stronger second quake occurred at 04:26 hours on 25th April; this one lasted for 60 seconds and had a magnitude of 7.3.

As a non-government organisation (NGO), AKUT relies solely on donations from the public.

Should you wish to donate to AKUT Fethiye, you can contact them via their Facebook page

The post AKUT: Earthquake Preparedness and Survival appeared first on Fethiye Times.

World Turtle Day (23 May each year) celebrates sea turtles and their place in the world and encourages people to take action to help protect the habitats of this ever-endangered species.

A bit about sea turtles

Sea turtles have been around for more than 100 million years. They thrived in the oceans at the time of the dinosaurs. 

The first sea turtles looked very little like those of today. Their ancestors were giant land turtles and it took millions of years for sea turtles to change, for legs to become pad-shaped flippers and for heavy, bulky bodies to flatten into lighter, streamlined shapes.

The dinosaurs and the giant land turtles are gone forever but sea turtles have evolved and lived on.

Seven different kinds still swim in warm and temperate oceans around the world. 

They spend their whole lives in the water except for the brief times the females come onto land to nest and lay their eggs. The sea turtles share the sea with fish, whales, other sea creatures and you and me.

A wonder of nature

For much of their lives turtles migrate huge distances but during certain times of the year, they congregate in shallow coastal waters to breed. At this time females venture ashore on several occasions in order to lay clutches of up to 150 eggs. Around two months later tiny hatchlings emerge from the sand and make their way out to sea.

For many, the epic struggle of a fully grown turtle crawling onto a beach to excavate her nest and the subsequent emergence of hundreds of hatchlings is one of the wonders of nature.

Worldwide, six of the seven sea turtle species are classified as threatened or endangered.

Sea Turtles in Turkey

Two species of turtles live in the seas surrounding Turkey; Loggerheads (Caretta caretta) and Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas). Both are on the list of endangered species.

Iztuzu beach

Iztuzu Beach, near Dalyan, is one of the preferred loggerhead turtle nesting sites in the world. 

Between May and September, the female turtles come ashore at night to lay their eggs in the sand. Using their back flippers, they scoop out a nest about 40cm deep, lay between 70 and 120 soft-shelled white eggs the size of ping-pong balls, and then cover them over again. If disturbed, the females may abandon the nests and return to the sea.

The eggs incubate in the sand for 50 to 65 days and the temperature at which they do so determines the gender of the ensuing young: below 30 degrees centigrade all the young will be male; above 30 degrees they will be female. At a steady 30 degrees, an even mix of the genders will hatch.

As soon as they’re hatched (at night when it’s cool and fewer predators are about), the young turtles make their way towards the sea, drawn by the light (the sea reflects more light than land).

At Iztuzu beach, volunteers from the Muğla-based Sea Turtles Research, Rescue and Rehabilitation Center (DEKAMER) watch over the site to ensure the loggerheads are not disturbed while laying their eggs and returning to sea. The volunteers also protect the eggs and document the egg-laying process 24 hours a day in shifts.

Fethiye beaches

The beaches along the Fethiye coastline, including the long and sandy Çalış, Koca Çalış and Yanıklar beaches, are also some of the most important for the incubation of Loggerhead sea turtle eggs in the Mediterranean.

The impact of tourism

This unique life cycle has put the turtle into direct conflict with the planet’s biggest industry; tourism.

In the Mediterranean, the nesting period of the loggerhead and green turtle coincides almost exactly with the peak tourist season from May to August. Although protection measures have been introduced at some beaches it is thought their population has crashed from tens of thousands to only a few thousand since the 1950s. 

How you can help to save the turtles

Be aware of sea turtle nesting areas and avoid nesting and hatching turtles

It is vitally important that you follow the code of conduct signs on turtle nesting beaches.

Sea turtles are cute, and therefore tempting to touch and observe – but flashlights and people disturb turtles when they are nesting, or trying to nest, on the beach.

Turn out lights visible from the beach

Sea turtle hatchlings use light and reflections from the moon to find their way to the water at night. Artificial lighting confuses the hatchlings and causes them to head inland instead of out to sea – putting them in dangerous situations which can lead to death. Artificial lights also discourage adult females from nesting on the beach. Short of turning off your lights, you can also take measures to shield, redirect and lower the intensity of the lights on your property.

Reduce the amount of garbage you produce and clean up trash you see on the beach

It is estimated that every year 8 million metric tons of plastic end up in our oceans. Sea creatures, including turtles, mistake garbage and plastic for food which can harm them and even cause death. By limiting your use of plastic products, straws, one-time-use containers, etc. you can help improve the ocean and the turtles’ home and food supply. If you see trash on the beach, pick it up!

Whether you are here on holiday or live here, we can all make a positive difference for sea turtles

A message from this turtle in Dalyan …

“I have been in these seas and lands for a hundred and ten million years. We share Iztuzu Beach with you in the summer season. I lay my eggs on Iztuzu Beach and my offspring are able to hold onto life only if you don’t step on the eggs. Only three to five of my thousand children is able to reproduce and enable our species to continue by making it to adolescence. Because of global warming, we have become an endangered species. If you take more care of the environment and be more sensitive about it, we can live life eternally in harmony”

Featured image by Steve Parsley.

Sources: defenders.org/seeturtles.org/euroturtle.org/kultur.org.tr

The post Turtle Alert – make a positive difference for sea turtles appeared first on Fethiye Times.

Müge’s Story

Müge and Barış, along with their young son Can, embarked on a transformative journey from the bustling metropolis of Istanbul to the tranquil town of Rugby in the United Kingdom. Their decision to relocate was driven by a desire for a less stressful life and a brighter future for their family.

The Move to the UK

In Istanbul, Müge and Barış faced the daily grind of long working hours, from 6 am to 8 pm, compounded by relentless traffic and urban stress. These factors motivated their search for a more balanced lifestyle. “We wanted to make another life for our son, Can,” Müge explained. The high cost of private education in Istanbul further fueled their decision, as they sought a place where quality education was more accessible.

Encouraged by friends who had successfully moved to the UK, the couple applied for and were granted a Turkish Businessperson visa. With Müge’s background in business and economics, they were confident about starting anew. Beyond the personal reasons, the political climate and social challenges in Türkiye also played a role in their decision to leave. “There are many unfair things happening in Türkiye, and we didn’t want to be involved,” Müge noted.

Settling in Rugby

Initially, the family arrived in London during the coronavirus pandemic, which made it difficult to find housing due to the closure of estate agencies. Fortunately, friends who had settled in Rugby recommended the town as a viable alternative, praising its secure environment and excellent schools.

The family quickly found a suitable rental property, allowing them to settle down comfortably. Rugby’s reputation for safety and the availability of quality education made it an ideal choice for them.

Building a Business

Upon arriving in the UK, Müge continued her work, balancing trades between Türkiye and the UK. However, she soon realized the need to explore new ventures. After a brief stint in online selling, she decided to open a market stall featuring Turkish goods, such as evil eye ornaments and pillowcases. Observing the success of local food businesses, Müge started a takeaway service from home, which proved successful and eventually led to opening a shop.

Müge’s shop adapts to its space constraints by offering easily prepared dishes. While Turkish people visit for a chat and complimentary çay, the menu avoids traditional Turkish fare. Her dream is to open a larger shop selling mezze and salads, but high rental costs pose a challenge.

Despite initial success, the business faced difficulties during the winter months as inflation impacted consumer spending. “People are not coming here when there is no market,” Müge observed. To address this, she suggested to the local council the idea of a daily concept market, which would provide a platform for local crafters who cannot afford permanent shops. The council listened to her proposal, demonstrating her growing influence in the community.

Life in the UK

The family appreciates the calmer and more secure environment of the UK. Müge values the free education system and finds that, with an income, life is affordable. “I can afford what I want—meat and trainers,” she remarked. However, they find the slow pace of bureaucracy and the differences in the health system challenging, and Müge humorously admits that the UK weather tops her list of dislikes.

While enjoying the benefits of their new life, the family misses several aspects of Türkiye. Strong family bonds, fresh seafood, and a vibrant social life are particularly missed. “Here it is very calm; every day is the same. If you are not in London, life is very routine,” Müge said, reflecting on the livelier cultural scene in Türkiye.

Despite the challenges they face, including Barış’s difficulty working in his field as an architect due to the language barrier, the family remains optimistic. They are open to the possibility of returning to Türkiye in the future however, for now, they are focused on adapting to their new environment, making the best of their time in the UK, and continuing to provide a stable and enriching life for their son Can. Their journey reflects a commitment to creating a fulfilling life for their family while adapting to new circumstances with resilience and creativity.

Heyday Takeaway

Heyday Takeaway is located on Sheep Street in Rugby town and offers a unique blend of British street food infused with the warmth and love of Turkish hospitality. This local favorite has quickly become known for its delicious food and welcoming atmosphere.

We highly recommend giving it a try.

Connect with Heyday Takeaway on social media for regular updates.

Facebook: Heyday Takeaway

Instagram: Heyday Cafe & Takeaway

The post Embracing a New Life: A journey from Istanbul to Rugby appeared first on Fethiye Times.

The magnitude  7.8 earthquake was the strongest to occur in Türkiye since the 1939 Erzincan earthquake of the same magnitude, causing widespread damage in an area of about 350,000 km² (140,000 sq mi) (around 12 times the size of Belgium). 

As of 4 March 2023, more than 52,700 deaths were confirmed: more than 45,900 in Türkiye, more than 6,700 in Syria, and more than 108,000 have been injured.

It is the deadliest earthquake in Türkiye since the 526 Antioch earthquake and the deadliest in Syria since the 1822 Aleppo earthquake. It is the deadliest natural disaster in Türkiye’s modern history.

An estimated 14 million people, or 16 percent of Türkiye’s population, were affected. and an estimated 1.5 million people were left homeless. – Source: Wikipedia

Why this happened here

This area of Turkey is prone to earthquakes as it lies at the intersection of three of the tectonic plates that make up the Earth’s crust: the Anatolian, Arabian and African plates. Arabia is moving northwards into Europe, causing the Anatolian plate (which Turkey sits on) to be pushed out westwards.

The movement of the tectonic plates builds up pressure on fault zones at their boundaries. It is the sudden release of this pressure that causes earthquakes and ground shaking.

You can read more here: Turkey-Syria earthquakes: a seismologist explains what has happened

Fethiye, a small coastal town-population 3,000

Fethiye was a small coastal town in 1957 with a population of around 3,000.  This quiet world abruptly changed on the evening of 24 April 1957 when, following a series of earth tremors, residents were told to leave their homes and not return. 

As a result, when a 6.2 quake hit the town at 21:17 followed by a 7.1 quake at 04:28 on 25th April, there was far less loss of life than would have otherwise resulted. The earthquake destroyed many buildings, but as a result of the foresight of Fethiye’s governor, Kamil Nezih Okuş, only 19 people were killed.

The following photographs were taken by the official photographer from HMS Dainty, a British Royal Navy D-Class destroyer which arrived from its base in Cyprus three days after the quake, bringing tents, blankets, water purification tablets and medical supplies.

Fethiye municipality uses the collection of photographs from time to time as part of an informative programme to reinforce the importance of being prepared, should there be another earthquake.

AKUT – be prepared for earthquakes

In 1995, an unsuccessful search for two university students lost in the Bolkar mountains prompted a small group of professional mountaineers to establish AKUT Search and Rescue Association (Turkish: AKUT Arama Kurtarma Derneği).  Realising the earthquake risk in Turkey, they completed additional training and are now a pivotal player in raising awareness in preparation for emergencies. All members of the AKUT team are volunteers; the Turkish government officially declared AKUT as an “NGO working for public benefit” in 1999. 

AKUT gained classification by the United Nations International Search and Rescue Advisory Group in 2011 and is one of only three organisations in Turkey that has INSARAG classification.

An earthquake can happen at any time and usually comes without warning. By preparing yourself and your family before an earthquake happens, you can minimize the risk of injury and damage to your home. 

AKUT: What to do before an earthquake

Make sure that the building where you live or work has been inspected to ensure that it meets the appropriate building standards.

Make sure that your property and personal items are insured against any loss, resulting from an earthquake.

Identify safe places in your household, children’s school, workplace and any other location where you frequently spend time.

Identify a safe meeting point with your family should you be separated when an earthquake occurs. This could be the local school gymnasium or a basketball court in your local neighbourhood.

Make an emergency plan, which includes the meeting points, and have a regular “drill”, so you all know what you need to do if an emergency occurs.

Make sure that you know how to switch off your utilities. They should be switched off in this order – gas, electricity, and water. However, if there is any smell of gas, do not touch the electrical supply and leave the property promptly.

Make sure that you secure any items that may topple over. This includes objects such as tall bookcases or cabinets and gas bottles. Don’t hang heavy pictures or mirrors above the bed.

Make sure that any chemicals are adequately stored.

Prepare an emergency bag. This should include the following items:

Must-Have Items

• Drinking water
• Non-perishable food
• First aid kit

Advised

• A radio
• A torch
• Spare batteries
• Battery charging pack
• Cash
• A notebook and pen
• A whistle
• Important documents, such as insurance papers and title deeds
• Passport or ID
• A phone book, containing important numbers

Personal Items

• A blanket
• Any prescribed medication, such as blood pressure medication or insulin
• Baby food, feeding bottle, nappies
• Any other personal items that are needed by you or your family

Keep a pair of footwear, a torch and your mobile phone by your bed.

You can reach all emergency services by dialling 112

What to do during an earthquake

If you find yourself in an earthquake, remember to “Drop, Cover, and Hold On.” Drop to your hands and knees, cover your head and neck with your arms, and seek shelter under a sturdy table or desk. Hold on until the shaking stops. If you’re outside, move away from buildings, trees, and power lines, then drop and cover.

What to do after an earthquake

Once the shaking stops, stay calm and check for injuries. If you’re indoors, be cautious when exiting, as aftershocks can cause additional damage. If you’re near the coast, be aware of the potential for tsunamis and move to higher ground if necessary.

You will most likely receive alerts from AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management) advising you of the next steps to take. It’s advisable to keep phone lines open for emergency services and instead send a message to friends and family. 

Other resources

Earthquake Safety in Turkey: What Every Prospective Traveler Should Know

Be Prepared: Household Earthquake Safety Tips and Helpful Home Modifications to Consider

Article updated on Tuesday 3rd June, 2025

The post Living with earthquakes appeared first on Fethiye Times.

This was the first time many children in America had ever heard of St. Nicholas. Naturally they wondered what might happen if they hung their stockings by the chimney, just like the children in the poem. On Christmas Eve of that year, many tried it.

Sure enough, when the children awoke on Christmas morning, they were greeted by the sweet smells of sugarplums and the thrill of new, hand-carved toys.

News of this incredible phenomenon spread quickly throughout the world, and St. Nicholas – or Santa Claus, as he is now known – has been a very busy man ever since.

In 1844, a man named Clement C. Moore claimed authorship of “Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas.” Since then, many scholars have contested that claim and have even named other possible authors, se we may never know the identity of the anonymous writer. Over the years, the poem has also undergone changes. It has become known to many by a different title, ‘Twas the Night Before Christmas, after its opening line. Also many editors have taken liberties in altering its original punctuation and spelling. Some have even changed the names of Santa’s reindeer. But the words in the edition you’re about to read appear exactly as they did when “Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas” was first published anonymously in the Troy Sentinel on December 23, 1823.

Twas the night before Christmas

Twas the night before Christmas, when all thro’ the house,
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,
In hopes that St Nicholas soon would be there;

The children were nestled all snug in their beds,
While visions of sugar-plums danced in their heads,
And Mama in her ‘kerchief, and I in my cap,
Had just settled our brains for a long winter’s nap –

When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter,
I sprang from the bed to see what was the matter.
Away to the window I flew like a flash,
Tore open the shutters and threw up the sash.

The moon on the breast of the new-fallen snow,
Gave the lustre of mid-day to objects below;
When, what to my wondering eyes should appear,
But a miniature sleigh, and eight tiny rein-deer,

With a little old driver, so lively and quick,
I knew in a moment it must be St.Nick.
More rapid than eagles his coursers they came,
And he whistled, and shouted, and called them by name:

“Now! Dasher, now! Dancer, now! Prancer, and Vixen,
On! Comet, on! Cupid, on! Dunder and Blixem;
To the top of the porch! to the top of the wall!
Now dash away! dash away! dash away all!”

As dry leaves that before the wild hurricane fly,
When they meet with an obstacle, mount to the sky;
So up to the house-top the coursers they flew,
With the sleigh full of Toys – and St Nicholas too:

And then in a twinkling, I heard on the roof
The prancing and pawing of each little hoof.
As I drew in my head, and was turning around,
Down the chimney St Nicholas came with a bound:

He was dress’d all in fur, from his head to his foot,
And his clothes were all tarnish’d with ashes and soot;
A bundle of toys was flung on his back,
And he look’d like a peddler just opening his pack:

His eyes-how they twinkled! his dimples how merry,
His cheeks were like roses, his nose like a cherry;
His droll little mouth was drawn up like a bow.
And the beard of his chin was as white as the snow;

The stump of a pipe he held tight in his teeth,
And the smoke it encircled his head like a wreath.
He had a broad face, and a little round belly
That shook when he laugh’d, like a bowlful of jelly:

He was chubby and plump, a right jolly old elf,
And I laugh’d when I saw him, in spite of myself:
A wink of his eye and a twist of his head
Soon gave me to know I had nothing to dread.

He spoke not a word, but went straight to his work,
And fill’d all the stockings; then turned with a jerk.
And laying his finger aside of his nose
And giving a nod, up the chimney he rose.

He sprung to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew, like the down of a thistle:
But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight-

Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good-night.

Illustrations by Matt Tavares

The post Account of a visit from St Nicholas appeared first on Fethiye Times.

What is a turkey?

Meleagris gallopavo domestico or the domestic turkey is an odd-looking bird that’s known for its bare head, wattle, and iridescent plumage. It’s descended from a wild turkey from the central and eastern states. Its other close relative, Meleagris ocellata, is indigenous to parts of Mexico. In fact, it’s believed all domestic turkeys in the US ultimately descend from these Mexican wild turkeys.

Wild turkeys have called North America home for some 20 million years. That being the case, what is their connection to a country on the other side of the world?

Where is Turkey?

The English word Turkey has been used to refer to “land occupied by the Turks” since the 1300s and was even used by Chaucer in The Book of the Duchess. The word Turk is ultimately of unknown origin, but it’s used in such varying languages as Italian and Spanish (Turco), Arabic and Persian (Turk), and many others to refer to people from this region. It’s believed to be connected the Medieval Latin term Turcus. The land occupied by the Turks was known as the Ottoman Empire from the 1300s until 1922.

Following World War I and the fall of the Ottomans, the republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti) formed, taking on the name that had long referred to that region. Makes sense, right? Turks live in Turkey.

Are turkeys related to the country of Turkey?

For the answer, we have to get to know another bird: the guinea fowl. This bird bears some resemblance to the American turkey. The guinea fowl is actually native to eastern Africa and was imported to Europe through the Ottoman Empire.

Ah, we are seeing a connection! Once imported, Europeans came to call the guinea fowl the turkey-cock or turkey-hen, because the bird came from the Turks. When settlers in the New World began to send a similar-looking fowl back to Europe, they, out of familiarity, called them turkeys.

By 1575, the English were enjoying the North American bird at Christmas dinner, and Shakespeare talked about it in Henry IV. Turkey with gravy became even more well-known when Charles Dickens wrote about it in A Christmas Carol in 1843. By the time Lincoln declared Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863, turkey had become a staple of Christmas dinner and quickly became a Thanksgiving treat, as well.

So now we know the turkey from North America is named after Turkey because turkeys look like birds that aren’t turkeys that Turkey sold in Europe, from Africa. Believe It or Not!

Source: dictionary.com/Ripleys

The post Which Turkey Came First: The Bird Or The Country? appeared first on Fethiye Times.

Zzzt! And there it is…the sound you dread the most when you’ve just settled down for a good night’s sleep!

Zzzt! and there it goes again!

What is this tiny insect that strikes dread into the hearts of the mighty?

It’s the pesky mosquito!

Did you know?

Mosquitoes have been around since the Jurassic period. That makes them about 210 million years old. They’ve been mentioned throughout history, including in the works of Aristotle around 300 B.C. and in writings by Sidonius Apollinaris in 467 B.C.

Mosquito is Spanish for “little fly”.

The buzzing sound that you hear is made by the beating of the mosquitoes wings. The wings of both males and females make a buzzing sound. Females make a higher pitched sound than males. Most people never hear the male mosquito because it doesn’t bite.

Only female mosquitoes bite. They are attracted by several things, including heat (infrared light), light, perspiration, body odor, lactic acid and carbon dioxide. The female lands on your skin and sticks her proboscis into you (the proboscis is very sharp and thin, so you may not feel it going in). Her saliva contains proteins (anticoagulants) that prevent your blood from clotting. She sucks your blood into her abdomen. If she is disturbed, she will fly away. Otherwise, she will remain until she has a full abdomen.

The bumps from mosquito bites are caused by saliva. After she has bitten you, some saliva remains in the wound. The proteins from the saliva evoke an immune response from your body. The area swells (the bump around the bite area is called a wheal), and you itch, a response provoked by the saliva which acts as an anticoagulant. Our body’s natural reaction towards an anticoagulant is to create histamines and send them to the affected area. It is the histamines which cause the bite to itch. It’s not the mosquito that has caused both the swelling and the itching but your immune system! The vicious cycle is the more you scratch and itch at a mosquito bite the more histamines your body sends to the area.

There are many more facts about mosquitoes but what you really want to know is how to not get bitten!

We can’t guarantee that you won’t ever get bitten while on holiday in a hot country, but we can give you some hints and tips on how to minimise the risk.

Keep them away from you.

Use a good quality insect repellant

DEET

DEET is the preferred choice. DEET is widely considered the most effective broad spectrum repellent against mosquito bites. Research and significant clinical experience has concluded there is a low risk of adverse effects when DEET is applied in accordance with manufacturer instructions.

DEET is available in different concentrations and the duration of protection varies depending on the given concentration: 20% DEET between 1 to 3 hours, 30% DEET up to 6 hours, 50% DEET up to 12 hours. Duration of protection does not increase with concentrations above 50% DEET.

Lemon Eucalyptus

Lemon Eucalyptus 30% gives protection similar to 30% DEET but it is reported to provide a shorter period of protection than DEET.

Clothing

Mosquitoes cannot bite through loose clothing. Covering up with clothing reduces the amount of skin that can be bitten i.e. high necked clothing with long sleeves and trousers or long skirts. Clothing can be thin, loose and light weight in hot environments. Exposed areas of skin should be covered with an insect repellent that contains no less than 20% DEET or suitable alternative.

Mosquito Nets

If sleeping or resting in unscreened accommodation day or night, or sleeping outdoors, insecticide-treated mosquito nets should be used. Nets are more effective if treated with insecticide. The nets should be free of tears.

Fallacies

There are a number of measures cited as protective against mosquito bites which are unreliable including the following:

Tea Tree Oil – there is no evidence to suggest tea tree oil is effective at repelling mosquitoes.

Buzzers – (emitting high frequency sound waves) are ineffective as mosquito repellents. Companies selling them have been prosecuted and fined under the UK Trades Descriptions Act and they should not be used.

Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B12 – there is no evidence that these repel mosquitoes.

Garlic and yeast extract (Marmite)– there is no evidence that these repel mosquitoes when taken orally (or topically!).

How to treat mosquito bites

To treat mosquito bites, you should wash them with mild soap and water. Try to avoid scratching the bite area, even though it itches. Some anti-itch medicines such as Calamine lotion or ­over-the-counter cortisone creams may relieve the itching. Typically, you do not need to seek medical attention (unless you feel dizzy or nauseated, which may indicate a severe allergic reaction to the bite).

There are also some natural remedies for mosquito bites which can help reduce redness, swelling and help stop that infamous itching.

Home Remedies for Mosquito Bites

Toothpaste is a great treatment to help fight the annoying itch that possesses you after a mosquito bite. The menthol flavour from the toothpaste acts as a cooling agent keeping your mind distracted from the urge to scratch. To add to this, the astringency characteristic of toothpaste will help reduce swelling by eliminating the fluid build-up.

Honey is a natural antibiotic. Apply some honey (preferably fresh) to the bite. Honey is also a great way to treat mosquito bites that you have scratched open.

Banana Peel – It may sound strange but, banana peel is another great way to treat a mosquito bite. This is due to the natural oils found within the banana skin. For this natural remedy simply rub the banana peel, flesh side down, on your mosquito bite and relax as the irritating itch fades away.

Vapour Rub -Not only can vapour rub help with a blocked nose but it has also been proven to reduce itch from mosquito bites for some people. Much like toothpaste, this is mainly due to the menthol based ingredients found in this product, mixed with the camphor oil.

Ice – Just like wasp and bee stings, ice is a great way to treat a mosquito bite. Take either an ice pack or a bag of frozen peas and place it on the mosquito bite. The cold temperature will help cool the area, reducing the redness and keeping the itching at bay.

Aloe Vera  is a fantastic, natural, antiseptic agent? That’s what makes it a good natural remedy for mosquito bites. The vitamins and minerals found in aloe vera will help to reduce the pain, swelling and itching. On top of that it will also help the bite heal faster.

Either fresh aloe vera or aloe vera gel works perfectly for this home remedy. Beforehand make sure it is at a cold temperature before you apply it to your skin, simply leaving it in the fridge for 10 minutes usually does the trick. All you need to do is rub the gel (this can be extracted from a fresh aloe vera plant by cutting a meaty portion off and squeezing) to the mosquito bite and let the aloe vera do its magic.

Create an X – this is more of a temporary fix rather than a solution. Simply make an X on top of the mosquito bite using your fingernail. Don’t press too hard as you don’t want to pierce the skin, just apply enough pressure to make a dent. This will help stop the itching however it will return when the X fades away.

You may not be able to prevent mosquito bites entirely, but you can lower your chances of getting bitten.

Have a happy, bite free holiday!

Sources: fitfortravel/Rentokil

This article was first published on 18 July 2018.

The post Everything you ever (or never) wanted to know about mosquitoes! appeared first on Fethiye Times.

If you enjoy walking in the forests in Türkiye you will probably have noticed what look like cotton pods in the branches of the pine trees and perhaps even be aware of what they are.

Each one is a nest made by larvae of the brown pine processionary moth, which then spend the winter months up in the tree tops getting ready for spring.

And it’s usually around March or April when the mature caterpillars form up into the long lines which give the species their name. The chains of caterpillars – sometimes made up of 300 or more – then begin their march in a hunt for soft ground to form the chrysalises which, in time, become the next generation of adult moths.

But, in the meantime, they also become a potential danger to both humans and animals as the caterpillars use urticating hairs along the length of their bodies as a defence mechanism against predators.

But how much of a threat do they really present, how virulent is the toxin (Thaumetopoein) and what should you do if you or your dog or cat come into contact with it?

Research tells us the following:

Are the caterpillars really a genuine threat?

Yes – or at least they are when they have reached the latter stages of maturity. 

When the new “cotton pods” first begin to appear in mid-winter, the caterpillars are in the early stages of development and have not yet grown their urticating hairs. They are therefore pretty much benign at this stage. However, be aware old nests left over from last year are a different story as they may contain hairs shed during the previous season.

However, once the caterpillars have formed their marching lines and leave the trees in search of softer ground that they need to burrow and pupate, they become a much more dangerous proposition. By now, the urticating hairs along the length of their bodies are fully developed and capable of delivering a potent toxin.

How is the toxin delivered?

If a pine processionary caterpillar believes it’s in danger from a predator, it shares a similar characteristic with a tarantula. It can actually eject some of the hairs from its body in the general direction of the perceived threat. Any which come into contact with exposed skin, nostrils or eyes can cause severe irritation.

However, usually, the toxin is delivered through an animal (or person) touching the caterpillar in some way. Like a nettle, the hairs can cause itching, prompting the victim to scratch, potentially then moving the toxin to other parts of the body.

A dog licking an infected paw for example can also ingest or inhale the toxin, potentially causing problems in the gut or the respiratory system.

How lethal is the toxin

Obviously, the victim’s reaction – human or animal – will depend on how many hairs they have come into contact with but it’s also true the toxin can have a different impact on individual victims. Like a bee sting, some may only experience a mild irritation which others risk an allergic reaction or even anaphylactic shock. 

There are also recorded cases of contact with the caterpillar hairs leading to necrosis, which means tissue in the affected area dies and has to be cut away to prevent further infection. 

If the inflammation or infection gets into the gut or respiratory system then it can ultimately prove fatal.

Are there any effective treatments?

Should you or your pet accidentally touch a pine processionary caterpillar, it’s recommended that you wash the affected area immediately with copious amounts of water. If the hairs have entered the mouth then, you will need to be careful not to wash them down the throat as that may cause additional inflammation along the gut.

Some sources have suggested citric acid from fruits like lemons and limes help while an ancient remedy was a salve made by mixing the horse-heal plant with oil and wine. However, if your dog or cat is showing signs of distress such as excessive drooling or salivating, then emergency treatment at the nearest vet is probably best.

If you detect any redness on the skin, ointments are not necessarily the answer as your pet will lick them off, potentially ingesting any of the microscopic hairs left behind. A protective collar may be necessary to prevent them doing so which also probably means a visit to the vet.

How do I avoid them and stay safe?

The obvious answer is to avoid the forest between the end of March until the end of June, when most of the caterpillars will have completed the dangerous phase of their lifespan and be safely underground.

However, if you find it difficult to stay away from your favourite haunts for that long, then its best to ensure you carry plenty of water, wear stout footwear and clothing (boots and long trousers, not flip-flops and shorts) and keep your pets close. 

If you walk surfaced or hard-packed tracks, the lines of caterpillars are quite easy to spot even from a distance so keeping clear of them is relatively simple. However, dogs should probably still be on a lead as their natural curiosity risks them having a sniff before you can intervene, particularly if they’re a few metres ahead of you.

If a line of caterpillars crosses your path completely, you may want to consider turning back or stepping over them. The latter may be safe enough if no contact is made but be aware the caterpillars can eject hairs towards a perceived threat if they feel sufficiently vulnerable.

Weather also seems to affects the caterpillars’ behaviour. Anecdotal evidence suggests, although they may not be totally absent, there may be fewer around when it’s cold or wet and more of them when it’s warm and dry. 

Sources:

PINE PROCESSIONARY CATERPILLARS AND DOGS (also cats). What the dangers are and how to deal with them. 

Pine processionary – Wikipedia

Pine processionary moth | Koppert Global

Pine processionary caterpillar in Spain: Dangers and advice

The post Pine processionary caterpillars – what you need to know appeared first on Fethiye Times.

The answers can depend on where you are in the world. Different countries have different ideas of what represents a “free press”. For Fethiye Times – with a base in the UK publishing for an audience in Turkey – we have two very different approaches to consider.

Did you know, for example, in Turkey, insulting the president carries a four-year prison term if the person responsible is tried and convicted? As a result of stricter security measures imposed since the attempted coup in 2015, public servants are also not allowed to speak to the media.

But most countries also have their own laws to prevent libel or irresponsible reporting, most of them developed to encourage publishers to stick to established facts rather than speculation, conjecture or even vitriol.

At Fethiye Times, we do our best to ensure first of all that what we publish complies with the basic rules of western journalism, regardless of whether it’s something we have compiled ourselves, something submitted by a correspondent or even a comment posted on our Facebook page.

Accuracy

Stories in Fethiye Times are based on information gathered in good faith by the reporting team, who will do all in their power to ensure the articles they write are a true and accurate representation of the facts. In instances where errors can be shown to have occurred, Fethiye Times will print corrections, giving them equal prominence to the story in which any incorrect information appeared.

Other than in a review, Fethiye Times will not offer opinions on the information reported. It’s important the team remains objective at all times and is not seen to take sides, whether it’s on a consumer issue, in a public or personal debate or in politics.

Privilege

It’s important to note western guidelines allow the media “qualified privilege” at public meetings. In other words, the facts from a public meeting can be reported without the need to check with any agencies or individuals who may be mentioned. However, they have the right to reply should they wish to respond and must be given an equal opportunity to present their own arguments.

The only exception is in court. A publisher has “absolute privilege” to print whatever is said in a court of law – even if it’s not true – as it’s not possible to verify details given, particularly by the defence. However, the account of any case must be fair and accurate and based on contemporaneous notes taken during the hearing.

Libel

Fethiye Times will not be party to any article, Facebook status or comment by a third party which risks libel. Of course, debate is essential to a free media but any articles or comments must be factual and not based on speculation, conjecture or hearsay.

Neither must they include information which cannot be substantiated or any allegations inspired by malice or spite. Personal attacks on individuals, their character, their family, their standing in the community or their business will not be tolerated.

Social media

Although social media has been part of the mix for more than a decade now, it has been notoriously difficult to regulate. However, admins on Facebook pages and groups carry a similar responsibility to a publisher and therefore need to be on top of the content.

The Fethiye Times Facebook page is moderated regularly and any comment or information published which is considered offensive or libellous will be removed immediately. We carry the responsibility for the content of the page and we, therefore, reserve the right to decide what is posted.

Negativity, unsubstantiated opinions, and failure to follow our community guidelines will lead to an instant ban from the page.

Turkish media policies

However, although we are an internet-based operation with a UK base, the overarching principles within which we work also need to be cognisant of our host nation. Therefore we must also observe Turkish protocols and legislation, which means observing stricter controls and media management procedures, still partly inspired by the political and national security situation.

As we are not a newspaper or media organisation registered in Turkey, we cannot expect to have free access to local government or public services that a news organisation could expect in the UK. Any information provided by the local authorities is at their discretion. It is not something we can demand by right.

Neither can we easily challenge decisions made either by the council or the government. To do so would require us to establish facts, which would be difficult to glean without access to the relevant departments.

As long as all accounts are fair and accurate, Fethiye Times is free to report community and public events, charity affairs, natural phenomena such as storms, human interest stories and accidents and emergencies.

However, under the current media regulations in Turkey, it is not our role to take up the cudgel or challenge those in authority or who serve in a public capacity. Without the full cooperation of all sides, it is also inadvisable for us to become embroiled in political reporting.

If readers have any questions about our code of practice or wish to comment on our reporting, our email address is fethiyetimes2017@gmail.com We welcome constructive feedback and will always try to deal with inquiries promptly.

The post Fethiye Times – our code of conduct appeared first on Fethiye Times.